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Thyroid hormone drugs are natural or synthetic preparations containing
tetraiodothyronine (T4, levothyroxine) sodium or triiodothyronine (T3,
liothyronine) sodium or both. T4 and T3 are produced in the human
thyroid gland by the iodination and coupling of the amino acid tyrosine
T4 contains four iodine atoms and is formed by the coupling of two
molecules of diiodotyrosine (DIT). T3 contains three atoms of iodine
and is formed by the coupling of one molecule of DIT with one molecule
of monoiodotyrosine (MIT). Both hormones are stored in the thyroid
colloid as thyroglobulin.
Thyroid hormone preparations belong to
two categories (1) natural hormonal preparations derived from animal
thyroid, and (2) synthetic preparations. Natural preparations include
desiccated thyroid and thyroglobulin. Desiccated thyroid is derived
from domesticated animals that are used for food by man (either beef or
hog thyroid) and thyroglobulin is derived from thyroid glands of the
hog. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) has standardized the total
iodine content of natural preparations. Thyroid USP contains not less
than (NLT) 0.17 percent and not more than (NMT) 0.23 percent iodine,
and thyroglobulin contains not less than (NLT) 0.7 percent of
organically bound iodine. Iodine content is only an indirect indicator
of true hormonal biologic activity.
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